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XRP’s 100 Billion Supply Is By Design – Insider Reveals Why – CryptoRank

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A discussion has surfaced within the crypto community regarding the reasoning behind XRP’s fixed supply of 100 billion tokens. For years, enthusiasts and investors have questioned why Ripple opted for such a large figure when most cryptocurrencies operate with far smaller caps. Ripple’s Chief Technology Officer, David Schwartz, recently addressed the question on the social platform X, shedding light on the considerations that guided the early design of the XRP Ledger.
David Schwartz was one of the original architects behind XRP and the XRP Ledger in 2012, and as such, he possesses unmatched insight into the cryptocurrency’s tokenomics and the rationale that shaped its design. His response to the question regarding XRP’s 100 billion supply design revealed that the decision was rooted in technical precision and deliberate effort to balance the functionality of the token’s architecture.
The first layer of reasoning behind XRP’s supply lies in its technical design. According to Schwartz, the developers of the Ledger sought a number that would provide adequate divisibility for the token. This level of divisibility allows XRP to be functional across both high-value institutional payments and smaller, everyday transactions.
Equally important was the need for the total supply to fit cleanly within a 64-bit integer, a standard data type used in computing to store numerical values efficiently. This decision minimizes the risk of overflow errors or arithmetic inconsistencies in the ledger’s codebase. A supply as large as 100 billion allows the system to handle every transaction amount accurately while preserving performance and compatibility with conventional software frameworks.
Aside from the technical justifications, the choice of 100 billion was also made with human usability in mind. As noted by Schwartz, the third reason for XRP’s 100 billion circulating supply is that the number is easy for humans to remember. 
Ripple’s architects wanted a total supply that was easy to communicate, recognize, and remember. A round, memorable number like 100 billion conveys clarity to users and traders.
Although XRP has a maximum supply of 100 billion tokens, not every token is currently in circulation. At the time of writing, XRP has a circulating supply of 60.1 billion tokens.
At the launch of the Ledger, a total supply of 100 billion XRP was pre-mined and fixed. Of this amount, approximately 55 billion XRP were placed into escrow contracts controlled by Ripple to control how many tokens enter the market over time.
At the time of writing, about 35 billion XRP tokens are currently locked in escrow and waiting to be released into circulation. Each month, up to 1 billion XRP is released, and any unused portion (about 70% to 80%) is typically placed back into escrow. As part of the schedule, Ripple is going to unlock another 1 billion XRP from escrow on November 1. At the time of writing, XRP is trading at $2.51, up by 0.9% in the past 24 hours.
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A discussion has surfaced within the crypto community regarding the reasoning behind XRP’s fixed supply of 100 billion tokens. For years, enthusiasts and investors have questioned why Ripple opted for such a large figure when most cryptocurrencies operate with far smaller caps. Ripple’s Chief Technology Officer, David Schwartz, recently addressed the question on the social platform X, shedding light on the considerations that guided the early design of the XRP Ledger.
David Schwartz was one of the original architects behind XRP and the XRP Ledger in 2012, and as such, he possesses unmatched insight into the cryptocurrency’s tokenomics and the rationale that shaped its design. His response to the question regarding XRP’s 100 billion supply design revealed that the decision was rooted in technical precision and deliberate effort to balance the functionality of the token’s architecture.
The first layer of reasoning behind XRP’s supply lies in its technical design. According to Schwartz, the developers of the Ledger sought a number that would provide adequate divisibility for the token. This level of divisibility allows XRP to be functional across both high-value institutional payments and smaller, everyday transactions.
Equally important was the need for the total supply to fit cleanly within a 64-bit integer, a standard data type used in computing to store numerical values efficiently. This decision minimizes the risk of overflow errors or arithmetic inconsistencies in the ledger’s codebase. A supply as large as 100 billion allows the system to handle every transaction amount accurately while preserving performance and compatibility with conventional software frameworks.
Aside from the technical justifications, the choice of 100 billion was also made with human usability in mind. As noted by Schwartz, the third reason for XRP’s 100 billion circulating supply is that the number is easy for humans to remember. 
Ripple’s architects wanted a total supply that was easy to communicate, recognize, and remember. A round, memorable number like 100 billion conveys clarity to users and traders.
Although XRP has a maximum supply of 100 billion tokens, not every token is currently in circulation. At the time of writing, XRP has a circulating supply of 60.1 billion tokens.
At the launch of the Ledger, a total supply of 100 billion XRP was pre-mined and fixed. Of this amount, approximately 55 billion XRP were placed into escrow contracts controlled by Ripple to control how many tokens enter the market over time.
At the time of writing, about 35 billion XRP tokens are currently locked in escrow and waiting to be released into circulation. Each month, up to 1 billion XRP is released, and any unused portion (about 70% to 80%) is typically placed back into escrow. As part of the schedule, Ripple is going to unlock another 1 billion XRP from escrow on November 1. At the time of writing, XRP is trading at $2.51, up by 0.9% in the past 24 hours.
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Solana ETF Inflows Hit $44M in 4 Days as Bitcoin Loses $191M – Coinpaper

Capital flows shift toward Solana ETFs, with $44.4M inflows in days, as Bitcoin and Ethereum funds face heavy outflows.
Solana exchange-traded funds (ETFs) are rapidly attracting investor attention, marking a major shift in crypto capital flows. In recent days, inflows into Solana-linked ETFs have surged while Bitcoin and Ethereum funds saw significant outflows. The trend signals a changing market structure driven by yield-seeking investors and renewed confidence in Solana’s ecosystem strength.
According to SoSoValue data, Solana ETFs recorded $44.4 million in inflows within four days, raising total assets under management to $199 million and pushing overall Solana ETF assets past $500 million. 
This strong momentum reflects a noticeable redirection of institutional funds from major assets like Bitcoin and Ether. On the same day, Bitcoin ETFs recorded $191 million in outflows, while Ethereum funds declined by $98 million annually.
Vincent Liu, chief investment officer at Kronos Research, said, “Solana ETFs are surging on fresh catalysts and capital rotation, as Bitcoin and Ether see profit-taking after strong runs.” He explained that investors are pursuing new narratives and yield-focused opportunities as the market enters a consolidation phase.
The Bitwise Solana Staking ETF (BSOL), launched recently, is leading the pack with $222.8 million in assets and an estimated 7% staking yield. The fund gained 4.99% daily as investor demand rose sharply. 
Meanwhile, Grayscale’s Solana ETF (GSOL) remained neutral with no significant inflows or outflows, suggesting most investor interest is focused on actively managed products like BSOL. Hong Kong’s approval of its first spot Solana ETF further added confidence to global market participants, expanding Solana’s institutional exposure.
Source: X
As of press time, trading at $185.73, CryptoPulse observed that Solana’s pullback below $190 presents a favorable entry opportunity, with stops around $160 providing solid risk management. The analysis suggested potential upside targets between $300 and $500, supported by renewed investor interest and strong ETF participation.
DonaldsTrades shared a similar outlook, noting that Solana’s price structure forms an ascending wedge pattern. Support remains near $160, with resistance between $295 and $320. A confirmed breakout above $200 could trigger a continuation toward $600 by 2026, aligning with Solana’s macro wave structure and historical resistance levels.

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Izabela Anna
Izabela Anna is a knowledgeable freelance journalist, who boasts over five years of experience covering the cryptocurrency market. Her tenure has seen her navigate through the ebbs and flows of multiple market cycles, giving her a deep understanding within. Her journalistic focus lies in dissecting price action dynamics, scrutinizing the on-chain landscape, and providing insights from a technical perspective, making her a trusted voice in the realm of cryptocurrency reporting.
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William Cox: Stedman man wins over $100K jackpot playing instant lottery game – ABC11

STEDMAN, N.C. (WTVD) — A Stedman man turned his passion for the digital instant game The Lamp: Dark Arts into a $123,503 lottery jackpot last Friday.
William Cox, who played for $5, hit the game's middle-tier "Cadabra" jackpot, part of a progressive prize that can be won at any time. With odds of 1 in 6.4 million, he described the win as "unbelievable."
"I've never won anything like this in my life," Cox said.

He claimed his prize on Wednesday at lottery headquarters, taking home $88,615 after federal and state tax withholdings. Cox plans to use the winnings to pay bills and visit his grandchildren in Michigan.
"It was just the right place, right time," he said.
The Lamp: Dark Arts allows players to wager between 50 cents and $30. Following Cox's win, the "Cadabra" jackpot reset to $25,000 and has since grown to over $31,000. Digital instant games are available exclusively online through the lottery's website or the NC Lottery Official Mobile App, with 57 games currently offered.

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UK aid for Hurricane Melissa reaches Jamaica as Britons to be evacuated – BBC

A flight carrying British aid arrived in Jamaica early on Saturday to help with recovery efforts after Hurricane Melissa, as the UK plans its first chartered flight to bring British nationals home later on Saturday.
The aid flight brought more than 3,000 emergency shelter kits as part of a £7.5m regional emergency package.
Part of the funding will be used to match public donations up to £1m to the International Red Cross and Red Crescent – with King Charles and Queen Camilla among those who have donated.
Despite aid arriving in Jamaica in recent days, fallen trees and landslides have complicated distribution after Hurricane Melissa devastated parts of the island, killing at least 19 people.
The hurricane made landfall in Jamaica on Tuesday as a category five storm and was one of the most powerful hurricanes ever measured in the Caribbean.
Melissa swept across the region over a number of days and left behind a trail of destruction and dozens of people dead. In Haiti, at least 30 people were killed, while Cuba also saw flooding and landslides.
Jamaica's Information Minister Dana Morris Dixon said on Friday "there are entire communities that seem to be marooned and areas that seem to be flattened".
The UK initially set aside a £2.5 million immediate financial support package, with an additional £5 million announced by Foreign Secretary Yvette Cooper on Friday.
Cooper said the announcement came as "more information is now coming through on the scale of devastation caused by Hurricane Melissa, with homes damaged, roads blocks and lives lost".
The British Red Cross said the King and Queen's donation would help the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent (IFRC) "continue its lifesaving work" – which includes search and rescue efforts in Jamaica as well as ensuring access to healthcare, safe shelter and clean water.
The Red Cross said, as of Saturday morning, that 72% of people across Jamaica still do not have electricity and around 6,000 are in emergency shelters.
Until the Jamaican government can get the broken electricity grid back up and running, any generators aid agencies can distribute will be vital.
So too will tarpaulins, given the extent of the housing crisis.
Meanwhile, with so many in need of clean drinking water and basic food, patience is wearing thin and there are more reports of desperate people entering supermarkets to gather and give out whatever food they can find.
The BBC has seen queues for petrol pumps, with people waiting for hours to then be told there is no fuel left when they reach the front of the queue.
Some people are seeking fuel for generators, others for a car to reach an area in which they can contact people, with the power down across most of the island.
The country's health minister, Dr Christopher Tufton, on Saturday described "significant damage" across a number of hospitals – with the Black River Hospital in St Elizabeth being the most severely affected.
"That facility will have to be for now totally relocated in terms of services," he said.
"The immediate challenge of the impacted hospitals is to preserve accident and emergency services," Dr Tufton added. "What we're seeing is that a lot of people are coming in now to these facilities with trauma-related [injuries] from falls from the roof, to ladders, to nails penetrating their feet".
The minister said arrangements had been made for the ongoing supply of fuel to the facilities as well as a "daily supply of water".
Although aid is entering the country, landslides, downed power lines and fallen trees have made certain roads impassable.
However, some of the worst affected areas of Jamaica should finally receive some relief in the coming hours.
At least one aid organisation, Global Empowerment Mission, rolled out this morning from Kingston with a seven-truck convoy to Black River, the badly damaged town of western Jamaica, carrying packs of humanitarian assistance put together by volunteers from the Jamaican diaspora community in Florida.
Help is also coming in from other aid groups and foreign governments via helicopter.
It remains only a small part of what the affected communities need but authorities insist more is coming soon.
Around 8,000 British nationals were thought to have been on the island when the hurricane hit.
The UK's first chartered flight to bring British citizens home is set to leave Kingston's Norman Manley International Airport late on Saturday.
The UK foreign office has asked travellers to register their presence on the island.
The department also advises travellers to contact their airline to check whether commercial options are available.
The BBC's Nada Tawfik reports on how the Jamaican Red Cross plans to aid recovery efforts in the wake of Hurricane Melissa.
At least two people were confirmed dead as the deluge submerged roadways and brought down large trees.
Hezron Ottey from Wellington has not heard from his family, who live in Sandy Bay, Jamaica.
Hurricane Melissa left at least 19 people in Jamaica dead as it swept through the Caribbean earlier this week.
Jodi Jenny says she was especially concerned for her grandfather who managed to "weather the storm".
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Check Mega Millions numbers for Oct. 31 drawing. Did anyone win $754M jackpot? – Cincinnati Enquirer

The Mega Millions jackpot continues to rise as no ticket matched all six numbers drawn Friday, Oct. 31.
After four jackpot wins in the first six months of 2025, the big prize has been growing since it was last won in Virginia on June 27. The jackpot is now an estimated $800 million or $371.7 million cash for Tuesday, Nov. 4.
Here are the numbers drawn and prizes won in the Oct. 31 drawing.
Here are the Friday, Oct. 31 Mega Millions winning numbers: 2, 24, 52, 66 and 68. The gold Mega Ball was 9. The Mega Millions lottery jackpot was an estimated $754 million with a cash option of $318.2 million for Friday night’s drawing.
No one won the jackpot in Friday night’s Mega Millions drawing Oct. 31, and there were no Match 5 winners.
Six tickets matched four white balls plus the Mega Ball to win the game’s third-tier prize: three with the 2X Megaplier for $20,000 in Illinois, Ohio and Pennsylvania and three with a 3X Megaplier for $30,000 in California, New Hampshire and Pennsylvania. 
Most states offer the Megaplier feature, which increases non-jackpot prizes from two, three, four and five times. Before each regular Mega Millions drawing, the Megaplier is drawn. From a pool of 15 balls, five are marked with “2X,” three with “4X” and one with “5X.”
It costs an additional $1 per play. 
The next drawing is Tuesday, Nov. 4, at 11 p.m. ET.
Tuesday’s jackpot is estimated to be $800 million with a cash option of $371.7 million. This is the ninth largest jackpot since the game started in 2002.
Drawings are every Tuesday and Friday at 11 p.m. ET.
The largest Mega Millions jackpot won on a single ticket is a $1.602 billion prize won in Florida on Aug. 8. Other large single-ticket Mega Millions prizes have been $1.537 billion won in South Carolina on Oct. 23, 2018; $1.348 billion won in Maine on Jan. 13, 2023; $1.337 billion won in Illinois on July 29, 2022 and $1.050 billion won in Michigan on Jan. 22, 2021.
Mega Millions tickets cost $2 per play. There are nine ways to win a prize, from the jackpot to $2. Players can pick six numbers from two separate pools of numbers: five different numbers from the white balls numbered 1-70 and one number from the gold balls numbered 1-25.5 + 1 = Jackpot.5 + 0 = $1 million.4 + 1 = $10,000.4 + 0 = $500.3 + 1 = $200.3 + 0 = $10.2 + 1= $10.1 + 1 = $4.0 + 1 = $2.You win the jackpot by matching all six winning numbers in a drawing. You can pick your lucky numbers or select Easy Pick or Quick Pick and have the numbers auto-drawn. If you can’t decide, the Mega Millions website has a random number generator.
You can play Mega Millions in 47 localities: 45 states, plus the District of Columbia and the U.S. Virgin Islands. To find locations, search the Mega Millions website.
In Kentucky, Ohio and Indiana, you can buy a Mega Millions ticket at gas stations, convenience stores and supermarkets until 10:45 p.m. on drawing night.
In Kentucky, residents can also purchase tickets online at kylottery.com.In Ohio, residents can use the Lottery Card available in Kroger, Buehler’s Fresh Foods and Giant Eagle stores. It allows Ohio consumers to enter draw games on their phones and get notified and paid electronically if they win.
The odds of winning the Mega Millions jackpot are about 1 in 290 million.
The overall chance of winning any prize is 1 in 23.

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Evernorth’s $1 Billion+ XRP Purchase Marks Largest Single Institutional Acquisition for Digital Asset – TradingView

Ripple's XRP Price to $20? — Devs Unveil Super Bullish Proposal That Could Massively Advance XRPL

On-chain data shows Evernorth Holdings accumulated more than 388.7 million XRP worth over $1 billion after flagging up its crypto treasury.
Select market data provided by ICE Data Services. Select reference data provided by FactSet. Copyright © 2025 FactSet Research Systems Inc.Copyright © 2025, American Bankers Association. CUSIP Database provided by FactSet Research Systems Inc. All rights reserved. SEC fillings and other documents provided by Quartr.© 2025 TradingView, Inc.

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Tips to best deal with the time change – Spectrum News

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OHIO — Don’t forget to set your clocks back an hour as the roughly eight-month period in which much of the nation observes Daylight Saving Time draws to a close and we return to standard time.
The time change occurs at 2 a.m. Sunday morning. That means 2 a.m. will become 1 a.m.
The shift means most in the U.S. will get an extra hour of sleep Saturday night into Sunday and see one less hour of sunlight starting Sunday evening.
The changing of the clocks takes place across a large swath of the country twice a year, once on the second Sunday in March when time “springs forward” to the eight-month daylight saving period, and again on the first Sunday in November when it “falls back” to standard for about four months of the year.
Whichever way the time changes, it can take a few days to properly adjust your schedule and body.
The Cleveland Clinic has some advice to better prepare.
“That hour of sleep that’s lost or gained can leave you feeling groggy and irritable,” reads a post on their website.
Here are some of their tips to best navigate the change:
“Adjusting to the time change is different for everyone,” their website reads. “Some people adjust in a few days; for others, it takes more time.”

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