Woman seeks another answer for uterine fibroids after advice to undergo a hysterectomy  michiganmedicine.org
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Pi Network has officially launched its much-anticipated Protocol v23, marking a significant milestone in its evolution toward decentralized finance (DeFi). This upgrade represents more than just a technical improvement; it addresses some of the most pressing challenges Pi Network has faced, including scalability, speed, and blockchain adoption.
Protocol v23 builds on previous developments while introducing crucial enhancements aimed at boosting Pi Network’s transaction speeds and scalability. The upgrade focuses on improving the user experience by addressing network delays, something that has often hindered Pi’s performance in the competitive cryptocurrency market. With this new protocol, Pi Network aims to improve its credibility and solidify its place in the rapidly growing crypto space.
One of the standout features of Protocol v23 is its ability to accelerate transaction speeds. With the new update, Pi Network can now process up to 1,000 transactions per block without errors, demonstrating a notable performance improvement.
Faster transaction speeds are expected to significantly enhance the network’s user experience and scalability, particularly as Pi Network approaches its mainnet launch.
This upgrade positions Pi Network to handle better large volumes of transactions, an essential factor for broader adoption. As more applications and decentralized finance (DeFi) projects are developed on the Pi Network, its ability to support high transaction throughput will be crucial in attracting both developers and users.
At its core, Pi Network remains deeply committed to community involvement, which has been integral to its success so far. Protocol v23 is not just a technical update; it is also designed to energize the Pi Network community. The upgrade has already sparked a surge in community participation, with users more actively engaging in blockchain initiatives and contributing to the network’s growth.
The release of Protocol v23 has created a wave of excitement among Pi Network users, further strengthening the sense of trust and collaboration within the community.
Pi’s focus on decentralization is expected to foster a sense of ownership among users, who will be encouraged to help expand the ecosystem. With more active community participation, Pi Network aims to create a robust and sustainable ecosystem that supports decentralized applications (dApps) and further solidifies its position in the crypto space.
Since the launch of Protocol v23, Pi Coin has seen a significant increase in market interest. Following the release, the value of Pi Coin edged higher, reaching $0.3595, with trading volumes and market capitalization both rising by over 40% in just 24 hours.
This surge in interest demonstrates the market’s growing confidence in Pi Network and its potential for future growth.
The excitement surrounding Pi Coin is not just driven by speculation; it reflects the tangible progress Pi Network is making toward its broader goals. With a more stable and scalable blockchain, Pi Network has the potential to integrate more users and developers into its ecosystem, leading to further value growth for Pi Coin.
While the success of Protocol v23 marks a crucial step forward, Pi Network still faces several challenges as it works toward its full mainnet launch. Regulatory concerns, market volatility, and technological hurdles remain prominent obstacles in the path ahead.
However, Pi Network’s gradual rollout and careful testing of its updates suggest that the team is committed to addressing these challenges with a long-term vision.
Despite the hurdles, Pi Network’s technical progress with Protocol v23 has proven that the platform is evolving steadily. As the network continues to iron out any issues in its test environment and prepares for a full mainnet launch, it is poised to redefine the role of decentralized finance and blockchain technology in the financial world.
Kelvin Munene is a crypto and finance journalist with over 5 years of experience in market analysis and expert commentary. He holds a Bachelor’s degree in Journalism and Actuarial Science from Mount Kenya University and is known for meticulous research in cryptocurrency, blockchain, and financial markets. His work has been featured in top publications including Coingape, Cryptobasic, MetaNews, Coinedition, and Analytics Insight. Kelvin specializes in uncovering emerging crypto trends and delivering data-driven analyses to help readers make informed decisions. Outside of work, he enjoys chess, traveling, and exploring new adventures.
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Bodoland Lottery Results – 19th September, 2025: Complete List of Winners and Ticket Numbers  sentinelassam.com
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KERALA LOTTERY SS 475 TUESDAY RESULT TODAY 08-07-2025 Live Sthree Sakthi lottery is one of the 7 lucky draw held every week. Each Tuesday at 2 PM, the Kerala Lottery ” STHREE SAKTHI” lottery draw is conducted. Every lottery has an alphanumeric code to identify it, and the Kerala “STHREE SAKTHI” lottery code is “SS” because it includes the draw number as well as the code. The first prize winner of  lucky draw will receive bumper 1 Crore Rupees. Result Update Here. Scroll down for the complete winners list of Kerala ‘Sthree Sakthi SS 475’ lucky draw.
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Kerala Lottery Results Tuesday 08-07-2025 July Live: The lottery department will announce the Kerala lottery “Sthree Sakthi SS-475” Result on behalf of the Keralan government. Today, July 08, 2025, at Gorky Bhavan Near Bakery Junction in Thiruvananthapuram, the Kerala Lottery Result 2025 for Kerala lottery “Sthree Sakthi SS-475” will be drawn. The department of Kerala State Lotteries publishes the lottery in 12 series, and the series can change. Every week, 108 lakh tickets were made available for purchase. The first-place winner receive bumper 1 Crore Rupees. Those who are anticipating today’s draw can view the Sthree Sakthi SS-475 outcome from July 08, 2025, right here. Stay updated on this website to avoid missing the Kerala Lottery Sthree Sakthi SS-475 Results live today.

Kerala Lottery Result 08-07-2025 July: FULL LIST OF WINNING NUMBERS FOR STHREE SAKTHI SS-475 Draw

LUCKY TICKET NUMBER FOR 1ST PRIZE OF RS 1 CRORE IS: ST 179140

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LUCKY TICKET NUMBER FOR 2ND PRIZE OF RS 30 LAKHS IS: SX 388105 
LUCKY TICKET NUMBERS FOR 3RD PRIZE OF RS 5 LAKH ARE: SX 684222
LUCKY TICKET NUMBERS FOR CONSOLATION PRIZE OF RS 5,000 ARE: 0092  0438  0800  1301  1469  1659  2467  3213  3313  3709  4037  4407  5181  5320  6511  6712  7645  7886  7890  8056
(For The Tickets Ending with The Following Numbers below)
LUCKY TICKET NUMBERS FOR 4TH PRIZE OF RS 1 LAKH ARE: 0092  0438  0800  1301  1469  1659  2467  3213  3313  3709  4037  4407  5181  5320  6511  6712  7645  7886  7890  8056
LUCKY TICKET NUMBERS FOR 5TH PRIZE OF RS 5,000 ARE: 0172  1009  4477  5627  5874  9557
LUCKY TICKET NUMBERS FOR 6TH PRIZE OF RS 1,000 ARE: 0492  0500  1664  2910  2997  3261  4034  4332  4607  4650  4678  4975  5047  5123  5792  5828  6031  6397  6459  6920  6956  7777  7837  8060  8254  8394  8506  8814  9514  9907
LUCKY TICKET NUMBERS FOR 7TH PRIZE OF RS 500 ARE: 0052  0347  0435  0477  0538  0723  0962  0982  1003  1160  1279  1295  1507  1821  1903  1955  2130  2252  2481  2600  2694  2754  2777  2809  2895  2945  2972  3052  3141  3231  3270  3617  3702  3777  3792  3871  3996  4140  4348  4378  4527  4610  4661  4691  4870  5019  5093  5110  5184  5298  6043  6301  6430  6461  6591  6595  6695  6851  7057  7204  7250  7273  7366  7589  7591  7791  8023  8523  8856  8944  8965  8978  9080  9644  9782  9796
LUCKY TICKET NUMBERS FOR 8TH PRIZE OF RS 100 ARE: 0180  0191  0225  0362  0409  0761  0792  0897  1019  1114  1252  1268  1569  1677  1761  1762  1992  1997  2017  2272  2513  2549  2623  2646  2842  2996  3274  3322  3367  3514  3619  3658  3804  3948  4148  4172  4515  4521  4568  4731  4816  4894  4938  4944  5080  5157  5302  5415  5475  5567  5587  5650  5979  6111  6240  6270  6303  6306  6496  6882  6950  6961  7017  7136  7256  7348  7391  7554  7673  7819  7858  7923  8204  8498  8688  8731  8742  8769  8784  8792  8922  9052  9095  9259  9348  9349  9373  9374  9563  9747
LUCKY TICKET NUMBERS FOR 9TH PRIZE OF RS 50 ARE: To Be Announced

KERALA LOTTERY RESULT TODAY 08-07-2025 July: STHREE SAKTHI SS-475 LOTTERY PRIZE DETAILS

1st Prize: Rs 1 Crore
2nd Prize: Rs. 40 lakhs
3rd Prize: Rs. 25 lakhs
4th Prize: Rs. 1 lakh
5th Prize: Rs. 5,000
6th Prize: Rs. 1,000
7th Prize: Rs. 500
8th Prize: Rs. 100
Consolation Prize: Rs. 5,000
(NOTE: Lottery can be addictive and should be played responsibly. The data provided on this page is for informational purposes only and should not be construed as advice or encouragement. Zee News does not promote lottery in anyway.)

Stay Tuned To Zee News For Live And Latest Updates On Kerala Lottery Result 2025

– 3rd Prize Rs.5,00,000/- [5 Lakhs]
– SX 684222 
 
– 2nd Prize Rs.30,00,000/- [30 Lakhs]
– SX 388105
 
– 2nd Prize Rs.30,00,000/- [30 Lakhs]
– SX 388105
 
– 1st Prize Rs.1,00,00,000/- [1 Crore]
– ST 179140
 
A lottery conducted using a lottery machine is a type of lottery where the winning numbers are drawn randomly from a machine containing numbered balls. The most common type of lottery machine is the bingo cage, which is a large rotating drum that contains numbered balls. The balls are mixed up inside the drum and then drawn out one at a time. The winning numbers are the numbers that are drawn.
Prize winners should check their winning numbers against the results published in the Kerala Government Gazette. To claim their prizes, they must submit the winning tickets within 30 days.
A ticket with multiple security features can prevent claims if damaged. So keep the ticket safe. Those who won the prize less than Rs.5000 should approach any lottery shop in Kerala with the ticket to collect the amount. If the prize is more than 5000 then the ticket and identity documents should be brought to any bank or government lottery office.
 
The Akshaya Lottery is held on Sunday, the Win-Win Lottery is held on Monday, the Sthree Sakthi Lottery is held on Tuesday, the Fifty-Fifty Lottery is held on Wednesday, the Karunya Plus Lottery is held on Thursday, the Nirmal Lottery is held on Friday, and the Karunya Lottery is held on Saturday. Unfortunately, the government temporarily halted the sale of the Pournami lottery and introduced a new programme in the Monthly Lottery called Bhagyamithra Lottery. Live updates for the Kerala lottery results will start to appear from 3.05 pm on ZEE NEWS ENGLISH site.
There will be a 30 percent tax deduction from the amount you have won. You have to pay 10 percent amount as the commission of the agent. These are the amount that will be deducted from your prize.
Stay tuned for live updates on the Kerala Lottery Result for July 08, 2025. It’s crucial to note that online purchasing of Kerala lottery tickets is prohibited, carrying potential legal consequences. Engaging in such practices may lead to penalties imposed by legal authorities, as the state government strictly prohibits online selling and purchasing of lottery tickets.
The Kerala Lottery Result for Sthree Sakthi SS 475 is set to be drawn today. The public can view the Winning Number post at 2.55 pm during the live broadcast of Kerala Lottery Today. The announcement for the Kerala Lotteries Result today, dated July 08, 2025, is expected to follow shortly.
Stay informed on all the latest news, real-time breaking news updates, and follow all the important headlines in india news andworld News on Zee News.
Thank you

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September 17, 2025 Gistlover Stella Entertainment 0
Reality TV star and actress, Bamike “BamBam” Adenibuyan, has shared insight into how she handles romantic roles in movies.
Speaking on her approach to acting, BamBam revealed that while she often shares great on-set chemistry with her co-stars, she is quick to separate her real identity from the characters she plays.
“I generally have great chemistry on set, but once they say ‘cut’ and I take off my costume, I become Bamike Adenibuyan,” she explained.
The former Big Brother Naija housemate, who has since transitioned into Nollywood, noted that professionalism guides her whenever she takes on such roles. According to her, the ability to switch between character and reality is what keeps her grounded as an actress.
BamBam further emphasized the importance of boundaries, stressing that for her, romance on screen is purely part of the job.
Copyright © 2025 Gistlover Media. All Rights Reserved

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The U.S. Federal Reserve’s recent 25 basis point rate cut to 4.00–4.25% marks the first easing move since 2024. The decision comes after cooling inflation and signs of a softer job market. The impact was immediate: Bitcoin and Ethereum both bounced, with traders now eyeing higher targets into 2026.
While Bitcoin and Ethereum price predictions show the coins are expected to hold leadership, the search for the next explosive altcoin has intensified. Increasingly, investors are pointing to this Ethereum-based PayFi project in presale, as the token with the potential to deliver 100× gains. So, make sure to read to the end. 
Short term: Right now, Bitcoin is sitting in the $116K–$117K range. Traders are watching the $125K–$130K zone closely;  if BTC can push through, it could easily stretch toward $130K–$150K. On the flip side, if the rally slows, there’s decent support sitting around $100K–$105K.
Medium term: Looking into early 2026, history shows that rate cuts have often been followed by big rallies, sometimes in the 40–80% range. If that plays out again, most analysts see Bitcoin anywhere between $135K and $200K, depending on how much fresh money flows in from institutions.”
Short term: Ethereum has been holding above $4,450, and that’s become an important floor. If buyers can clear the $5K–$5.2K barrier, the next leg could carry ETH toward $5,500 or even $6,000.”
Medium term: Further out, if the Fed keeps cutting and institutions ramp up with ETFs and staking demand, ETH could climb into the $6,500–$8,000 range. In a really strong market, some bullish calls even stretch to $10K.
Moving away from the Bitcoin and Ethereum price predictions hullabaloo, Remittix is the Ethereum-based project turning the PayFi space on its head. Here’s why experienced investors are singling it out as the breakout candidate:
The Fed’s shift to easier monetary policy has rekindled crypto momentum. Bitcoin looks poised for another leg up, potentially testing $150K+ soon. Ethereum has room to break past $5K, with a shot at $8K–$10K over the next 12 months.
But for those chasing true venture-style gains, the conversation is increasingly pointing to Remittix. With a working wallet in beta, exchange listings lined up, and over $25M raised already, RTX has the hallmarks of a presale that could ride this macro tailwind into 100× territory if execution stays on track.
Website: https://remittix.io/
Socials: https://linktr.ee/remittix
$250,000 Giveaway: https://gleam.io/competitions/nz84L-250000-remittix-giveaway
BlockchainReporter is a trusted name in the cryptocurrency and blockchain technology news space, keeping its readers abreast of the latest and most significant trends in the industry.
Here at BlockchainReporter, our team of global writers is dedicated to providing price analysis on leading cryptocurrencies and covering the latest developments pertaining to bitcoin news, altcoins news, blockchain news, NFT news and cryptocurrency adoption news from around the world.

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Have you gotten your tickets yet? Friday, Sept. 19, Mega Millions jackpot stands at $423 million with a $196.5 million cash option.
Here’s what to know about the Mega Millions:
Friday, Sept. 19, winning numbers will be drawn at around 11 p.m. ET.
Tuesday, Sept. 16, winning numbers were 10-14-34-40-43 and the Megaball was 5.
There were no jackpot winners Tuesday, Sept. 16.
You only need to match one number in Mega Millions to win a prize. However, that number must be the Mega Ball, worth $2.
Matching two numbers won’t win anything in Mega Millions unless one of the numbers is the Mega Ball. A ticket matching one of the five numbers and the Mega Ball is worth $4. Visit www.megamillions.com for a complete list of payout information.
Mega Millions numbers you need to know: Most commonly drawn numbers
Drawings are held two times per week at approximately 11 p.m. ET every Tuesday and Friday. You can watch drawings via YouTube.
A Mega Millions ticket costs $5 with automatic non-jackpot multipliers. For an additional $1, players can add the Megaplier to potentially increase their winnings outside of the jackpot.
Here’s how to play Mega Millions:
Here is the list of 18 Mega Millions jackpot wins in 2023 through 2025, according to megamillions.com:
Here are the all-time top 11 Mega Millions jackpots, according to megamillions.com:

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September 17, 2025 Rhoda Gistlover Entertainment 0
Comedian Broda Shaggi has opened up about his memorable time at the destination wedding of singer Mr Eazi and actress Temi Ajibade.
The star-studded ceremony took place on August 9, 2025, in Iceland, drawing guests from around the world.
Posting on Instagram, Broda Shaggi expressed how much he enjoyed being part of the celebration and described it as an unforgettable experience. He also posted several snapshots from the glamorous event to give fans a glimpse of the festivities.
“I see love wey pass titanic, E shock me.😂
Una need to see both of them together @mreazi @temiotedola . Their love be like when you dey watch cinderella part 1 😩😂
“Awnnnnn” wey i do for pass 3,500 in number . Dubai own go reach 25 million 😅
See ehn! Love is sweet but when money enter, love is sweeter 🥰 So i don invest the 3,500 wey dey my account now. E suppose don germinate when i’m ready to LEGALIZE it😂
Because! na inside moon i won do my own o 🫣 Make Jesus stroll come since we go dey him neighborhood. Just a stone’s throw oloun! 😂🤍
Oh! LOVE IS truly Eazi! Just get money first 😂
#LoveisEazi 🇮🇸”
See post below
A post shared by S A M U E L . A . P E R R Y (@brodashaggi)
Copyright © 2025 Gistlover Media. All Rights Reserved

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We're examining footage from the Ukrainian special forces that appears to show multiple aerial strikes on an army logistics hub inside Russia
US President Donald Trump has criticised London Mayor Sadiq Khan over crime in the city saying it "is through the roof" – we've fact-checked that claim
Internet services in Gaza have resumed and we're seeing footage being posted online as Israeli forces continue with a ground offensive in Gaza City
BBC Verify uses open-source intelligence, satellite imagery, fact-checking and data analysis to help report complex stories
This feed is where we post our work throughout the day
Get in touch with us by following this link
Edited by Rob Corp
Paul Brown and Adam Durbin
BBC Verify senior journalists
The Israel military (IDF) has closed a temporary alternative route out of Gaza City for civilians after it issued evacuation orders for the area.
Spokesman Avichay Adraee issued an update on X saying Salah al-Din Street, which was opened on Wedneday, is no longer available for people to leave Gaza City.
He added that al-Rashid Street, which runs along the Mediterranean coast, was now the only “permitted” route for people evacuating Gaza City – where Israel has intensified a ground operation in recent weeks.
Salah al-Din is Gaza’s main road running north to south – it passes through a recently remilitarised zone known as the Netzarim Corridor which was established by the IDF in 2024 and divides the territory in two.
The temporary evacuation route made a significant detour from Salah al-Din as it passed through Netzarim. Israel left the corridor, which divides Gaza in two, earlier this year as part of a ceasefire deal. But satellite imagery shows military vehicles had returned to the zone on Monday as Israeli forces ramp up their assault on Gaza’s largest city.
In his post, Adraee also said the IDF will “continue to operate with unprecedented and extreme force against Hamas and other terrorist organizations”.
Matt Murphy
BBC Verify senior journalist
HMS Somerset (bottom) was deployed to escort the Russian ship Yantar (top) near UK waters in January. Defence Secretary John Healey said Yantar was "used for gathering intelligence and mapping the UK's critical underwater infrastructure"
The UK has been “too timid” when defending the crucial array of undersea cables transmitting civilian and military data, a new parliamentary report has warned.
A growing threat presented by Russia, China and some non-state actors means the cables are a “strategic vulnerability” for the UK, MPs and Peers on the Joint Committee on National Security wrote.
Around 60 subsea cables connect the UK to the EU and the US. The vast majority of international data transmissions occur through this network.
The report noted that the cables were laid in an era of “geopolitical stability” but that the government must take “greater account of the worsening security environment over the next 5–10 years”.
In its report, the committee made a series of recommendations, including:
Lucy Gilder
BBC Verify journalist
On his way back to the US on Air Force One yesterday, President Donald Trump criticised Sadiq Khan’s record as London mayor.
He told reporters on the plane that Khan is “among the worst mayors in the world” and that “crime in London is through the roof”.
Trump and the London mayor have been feuding for a decade. Khan spoke out about Trump’s Muslim travel ban proposal during his first presidential campaign, while Trump described Khan as a “nasty person” during his last UK visit in July.
But does Trump’s latest criticism of Khan hold any water?
In the year to March 2025 police recorded crime was up 1% in the Metropolitan Police force area – which the London mayor oversees – compared to the year before. In England and Wales it is down 2%, the latest figures show., external
Although overall crime is up slightly in London, several violent crimes, such as homicide and violence with injury, have fallen in the last year.
Current figures show that the rate of crime per 1,000 people in the capital was among the highest in England and Wales (105.5), but the rate in Greater Manchester was even higher (108.2).
Compared to when Khan first entered office in 2016, crime in the Metropolitan Police force area has shot up by about a quarter. But in England and Wales it increased by a third over the same period.
Police recorded data is generally not considered the best measure of longer-term crime trends, because changes to police recording practices can impact the number of crimes it reports. But to assess Khan’s record we need to look at crime by police force area, which is only possible using police recorded figures.
Rob Corp
BBC Verify Live editor
TV host Jimmy Kimmel has been pulled off air indefinitely after comments he made about the shooting of Charlie Kirk, ABC has said.
The decision came hours after Brendan Carr, chair of broadcast regulator, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC), said Kimmel was "appearing to directly mislead the American public".
Leading Democrats call Kimmel's suspension an attack on free speech and "an abuse of power", while US President Donald Trump welcomed it as "great news for America".
The BBC's analysis editor Ros Atkins examines the role of the FCC and Trump in the decision to suspend the show.
Video produced by Michael Cox
This video can not be played
What Jimmy Kimmel's suspension means for free speech in the US
Fridon Kiria
BBC Monitoring
We’ve authenticated footage released by Ukraine’s Special Operations Forces earlier this morning which it says shows an attack it’s carried out on Russian army logistics hub in the Kursk Region on Thursday.
In a statement, the Ukrainian military said it had destroyed a storage base for material resources, ammunition warehouses, and stores for weapons and military equipment of Russia’s 810th Separate Marine Brigade.
In the two-minute video – which appears to have been recorded using an infra-red camera – we can see multiple explosions and smoke plumes at various locations across the site.
We were able to geolocate where the strikes were carried out by matching the road layout, buildings and other features seen in the footage with satellite mapping of village of Giri in Kursk Region.
We also reverse image searched some frames from the footage and established that it is new.
According to Ukrainian special forces, the 810th Marine Brigade is actively engaged in offensive operations in Ukraine and accuse its troops of committing war crimes.
Rob Corp
BBC Verify Live editor
Hello from the live page team.
We’re carrying out verification and fact-check work on several stories this morning, including:

We’ve also got a new report from UK parliamentarians which says Britain has been “too timid” about defending undersea cables that are a crucial part of the country’s information infrastructure.
And following the suspension of late-night TV host Jimmy Kimmel over comments he made about right-wing influencer Charlie Kirk, our analysis editor Ros Atkins has been looking at the key players in the row – including President Donald Trump.

Copyright © 2025 BBC. The BBC is not responsible for the content of external sites. Read about our approach to external linking.

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Morning Rundown: Cancel culture’s comeback, Senate goes ‘nuclear,’ and the NFL’s most thankless position

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The damage chemical hair relaxers can have on Black women is coming under intense scrutiny. 
Several landmark studies have been published in the last year highlighting the link between chemical hair relaxers — which break down proteins in hair to straighten it — and increased rates of uterine cancer. And last week, after pressure from Democratic Reps. Ayanna Pressley of Massachusetts and Shontel Brown of Ohio, the Food and Drug Administration proposed a ban on hair-smoothing and hair-straightening products containing formaldehyde, an ingredient known to cause cancer. 
As more research continues to reveal potential dangers, hundreds of Black people have filed lawsuits against big-name beauty and cosmetic retailers like L’Oreal and Revlon, blaming their chemical hair straighteners as causes of uterine cancer, fibroid tumors and infertility. 
The latest research on the effects of hair relaxers was published Oct. 10 by Boston University. According to the Black Women’s Health Study, or BWHS, postmenopausal Black women who have used chemical hair relaxers more than twice a year or for more than five years have an increased risk of developing uterine cancer.  
In following 44,798 Black women for up to 22 years, researchers found a higher rate of uterine cancer among postmenopausal Black women who reported having used chemical hair relaxers for at least 10 years, regardless of frequency. 
Better grasping Black health and the factors that contribute to racial disparities in cancer was the intent behind the 22-year study. 
“The idea here is that a renewed emphasis or attention to the potential dangers of these products, I hope, will spur policies, and that will sort of help reduce exposure in this population or even help us identify potentially safer alternatives to straighten hair,” said the lead author of the study, Kimberly Bertrand, an associate professor of medicine at Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine. Revealing the potential risks of hair relaxers, she said, can help spread awareness and encourage making safer choices.
To Rep. Pressley, oversight into these ingredients touches upon generational issue that Black women have long grappled with.
“For generations, systemic racism and anti-Black hair sentiment have forced Black women to navigate the extreme politicization of hair,” she said in a statement to NBC News on Wednesday. “We’ve seen this play out in schools and in the workplace, where Black folks have been criminalized, punished, or overlooked in personnel decisions just for how our hair grows out of our head. As a result, Black women have turned to straightened or relaxed hair as an attempt to advance socially and economically. But regardless of how we wear our hair, we should be able to show up in the world without putting our health at risk, and manufacturers should be prevented from making a profit at the expense of our health.”
NBC News spoke to Bertrand and other researchers to answer some questions Black people may have about chemical hair straighteners and the potential risks to their health
Several studies have found that chemical hair straighteners have harmful effects on the body. Last year, the National Institutes of Health published a major study linking chemical hair straighteners to a higher risk of uterine cancer. The study analyzed data from 33,497 U.S. women ages 35 to 74 who were followed for nearly 11 years. During that period, 378 cases of uterine cancer were diagnosed.
According to this month’s BWHS, women who reported using hair relaxers more than twice a year or who used them for more than five years had a greater than 50% risk of developing uterine cancer compared to those who rarely or never used relaxers, additional data from the study shows. 
In 2021, the BWHS found that Black women who used hair products containing lye, an ingredient typically found in salon relaxers, at least seven times a year for more than 15 years had a 30% increased risk of developing breast cancer. Among the 50,543 women who participated in the 25-year study, 2,311 participants had developed breast cancer, including 1,843 who developed invasive breast cancers, meaning the cancers spread into surrounding breast tissue. While Black women have a 4% lower incidence rate of breast cancer than white women, Black women have a 40% higher breast cancer death rate, according to the American Cancer Society.
Other studies have shown that hair relaxers can cause fibroids and an early onset of puberty in girls, Bertrand said. Early puberty can increase the risk for metabolic syndromes such as obesity, Type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease in adulthood.
Chemical hair relaxers contain endocrine-disrupting chemicals, which can disrupt the functions of the endocrine system (which includes the thyroid, ovaries, pancreas and adrenal glands) and affect hormone levels. These chemicals include phthalates and parabens, which can be found in relaxers. People can be exposed to them by absorption through the skin or inhaling them in the air. 
Black women are often exposed to endocrine disruptors by using relaxers, which are applied on the scalp, said Jasmine Abrams, a research scientist at the Yale University School of Public Health.
“If you have ever gotten a relaxer, you know it usually sits on for a little bit, and most people sort of alert their hair stylist that it needs to be washed out once it starts tingling or burning — and at that point, you are running the risk of burns,” said Abrams, one of the authors of a study this year linking chemical hair straighteners to issues with fertility.
“And if you’re running the risk of burns or any sort of injury with that type of chemical,” she added, “then you’re definitely increasing your risk for absorption. If you do that over time for many, many years, then it can, of course, become continuously problematic.”
Endocrine-disrupting chemicals can also be found in some beauty products like lotions, body washes and perfumes, she added. 
Parabens, phthalates and other chemicals that are often found in chemical hair straighteners pose a greater risk than other products because of scalp exposure, Bertrand said. Even other chemical hair straighteners marketed as safer to use, including no-lye relaxers, still pose potential risks.
“In our study, women who reported using non-lye relaxers were pretty much just as likely to report scalp burns as those who use lye relaxer,” she said. 
Hair-straightening products are “very poorly regulated” by the federal government, Bertrand said, and many mask harmful chemicals under names such as “fragrance and preservatives, so women don’t really know what they’re being exposed to.”
U.S. law does not require the Food and Drug Administration to approve cosmetic products and ingredients, other than color additives, before they go on the market, according to the FDA website. However, the FDA announced last week that it would propose a ban on hair-straightening and hair-smoothing products containing formaldehyde. The FDA did not immediately respond to a request for comment.
Stricter regulations of ingredients in cosmetic products and using alternative methods like heat straightening may help reduce exposure to harmful chemicals, Bertrand said.
In a statement to NBC News on Wednesday, Pressley applauded the FDA, saying the public health of Black women “is at stake.”
Researchers are not entirely sure. 
“We can’t definitively say that occasional use is entirely safe,” said Abrams, an author of the 2023 study about hair relaxers and infertility. “Our data essentially suggests that less frequent use is associated with lower risks when compared to regular prolonged use.”
In Abrams’ study — which included women of different races ages 21 to 45 — Black women accounted for the greatest population of people who had started using relaxers at age 10 or younger. More than 50% of the Black participants in the study also had used hair relaxers before they reached age 10.
Bertrand’s study found that postmenopausal Black women had a greater risk of developing uterine cancer if they used hair relaxers more than twice a year or consistently for more than five years. 
Other factors put Black women at risk for developing uterine cancer, including age, obesity and family and reproductive history, Bertrand added.
There are no proven screening mechanisms to detect uterine cancer in the general population, as there are with other diseases like breast cancer, Bertrand said. 
Women should visit their doctors if they have any symptoms of pain in the pelvic area or abnormal vaginal bleeding. Those with family histories of uterine cancer can also speak to their doctors about genetic testing to identify potential higher risks for certain cancers. 
In terms of monitoring reproductive health, Abrams said, women can monitor their hormone levels — either by visiting endocrinologists or mailing in their biospecimens to labs — and speak with gynecologists about their concerns and ask about taking fertility assessments. In working on an upcoming study on Black women and infertility, she said, many of her participants have described challenges in getting treatment or being heard by their health providers.
“One of our participants said, ‘I felt like the goal among providers has always been to figure out how to keep Black women from getting pregnant, not to help them figure out how to get pregnant,’” Abrams said. “So she felt like, when she expressed these concerns about her fertility to her provider, she wasn’t taken seriously.”
Many Black women have consulted with attorneys to sue Revlon, Just for Me and other cosmetics companies, alleging their hair straighteners cause cancer, fibroids and other health problems. Strength of Nature, LLC, which owns Just for Me, declined to comment.
Larry Taylor Jr., an attorney at The Cochran Firm in Dallas, said thousands of women from their 20s to their 50s have filed suits alleging they developed ovarian, cervical and endometrial cancers from using hair relaxers. 
Revlon declined to comment. Robert Britton, an attorney for the company, said earlier this year that Revlon “disputes any link between cancer and its hair relaxer products.”
Thousands of Black women have also claimed that hair relaxers from L’Oreal were harmful to their health, including a group of Black women who sued L’Oreal and other companies last year. One woman, Bernadette Gordon, who used hair relaxers from 1983 to 2015, experienced uterine and breast cancer resulting in a double mastectomy and a hysterectomy, she previously told NBC News.
In July, L’Oreal asked a federal court to dismiss the dozens of consolidated lawsuits against the company, arguing that the plaintiffs’ claims were “vague” and based on “unsupported conclusions.” The company did not respond to a request for comment for this article.
Many Black women straighten their hair to keep their jobs or advance to higher positions, which puts them at risk, Taylor said.
“This is not a hoax,” he said. “This is something that is actually harmful and could potentially cost them their lives.”
Still, there are many unknowns researchers are trying to uncover, including whether the products on the shelves today are going to lead to cases of uterine cancer in the future, Bertrand said. It is also not entirely clear why Black women are at an increased risk of developing and dying from uterine cancer. 
“We continue to explore those factors — everything from environment to racism to genetics,” she said. 
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Claretta Bellamy is a former freelance writer for NBC News Digital.
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